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Text File | 1986-07-23 | 26KB | 716 lines

This material is placed in the public domain by its author, William Couture. Copyright (c) 1986 by DDI. All Rights Reserved. CHARACTER GRAPHICS ROUTINES AVAILABLE GENERAL NOTES: All routines work in 320 x 200 4-color mode or 640 x 200 mode. COLOR is an integer between 0 and 3, inclusive, for 320 x 200 mode, and between 0 and 1, inclusive, for 640 x 200 mode (0 = background). Adding 128 to the color will XOR draw the character instead of plotting it. This will allow you to place characters on top of already drawn graphics screens without leaving holes in the picture. All the regular graphics routines are also available. CROW (Character ROW) is an integer between 1 and 25, inclusive. CCOL (Character COL) is an integer between 1 and 40, inclusive, for 320 x 200 mode, and between 1 and 80 for 640 x 200 mode. Do not let ANY routine draw anything beyond a screen edge. Character graphics can only be displaed in the spaces where normal characters would be on a 25 x 40 screen for 320 x 200 mode, and in the spaces where charcters would be on a 25 x 80 screen for 640 x 200 mode. WCHAR is an integer between 0 and 127, inclusive. This is the index to the desired graphics character. CSHAPES is the name of an array which contains the character shapes. TYPE DEFINITIONS AND VARIABLES: Type CHARSET is a 1024 element of unsigned char, which holds the character images being used. If your compiler does not support the "unsigned char" type, make sure that the definition of char is an unsigned quantity. Type FILENAME is simply an 80 character array, used to pass a filename to the readcset and writecset functtions. ROUTINES: int readcset(cshapes,fname) unsigned char *cshapes char *fname Try to read the character set named filename into memory. The routine will return -1 if fname cannot be found, else it will return 0. This procedure is provided as C source in the file CGRAPH.C. example: errno = readcset(shapes,"myset.chr"); if (errno) puts("Error - character set not found."); else run_program(); int writecset(cshapes,fname) unsigned char *cshapes char *fname Write the current character set from memory to a disk file named fname. The routine returns a -1 if the file cannot be created, else it returns a 0. This procedure is provided as C source in the file CGRAPH.C. example: errno = writecset(shapes,"c:\stuff\saved.chr"); if (errno) puts("Error - cannot open file to write character set."); else puts("Character set saved."); unsigned long getvect() Return the system's graphics character set pointer. This allows you to save the current pointer before setting up your own pointer. The return value is 32 bits, with the segment in the upper 16 bits and the offset in the lower 16 bits. It also has a companion routine, RESTOREVECT. example: unsigned long hold; unsigned int seg,ofs; main() { hold = getvect(); ofs = (unsigned int) hold & 0xffff; seg = (unsigned int) ((hold >> 16) & 0xffff); } void restorevect(ofs,seg) int ofs,seg. Restore a previous graphics character set pointer. void setvect(cshapes) unsigned char *cshapes Set the system to display your graphics character set. This can be called any number of times, to display differenct character sets. void setbit(cshapes,wchar,row,col) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar,row,col row and col are integers from 0 to 7, inclusive Set the bit at row,col in WCHAR to ON. void clearbit(cshapes,wchar,row,col) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar,row,col row and col are integers from 0 to 7, inclusive Set the bit at row,col in WCHAR to OFF. void xorbit(cshapes,wchar,row,col) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar,row,col row and col are integers from 0 to 7, inclusive Set the bit at row,col in WCHAR to the opposite of its current state. void zerochar(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Set all bits in WCHAR to OFF. void fillchar(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Set all bits in WCHAR to ON. void inversechar(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Set all bits in WCHAR to the opposite of their current state. void copychar(cshapes,fromchar,intochar) unsigned char *cshapes int fromchar,intochar fromchar and intochar are two examples of WCHAR Make the graphics character intochar the same as fromchar. void horizflip(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Mirror WCHAR about its horizontal axis. void vertflip(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Mirror WCHAR about its vertical axis. void exchangerc(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Exchange rows and columns in WCHAR. void shiftdown(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Move the picture in WCHAR down 1 row. The bottom row is lost and the top row is set to blank. void shiftup(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Move the picture in WCHAR up 1 row. The top row is lost and the bottom row is set to blank. void shiftleft(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Move the picture in WCHAR left 1 column. The left column is lost and the right column is set to blank. void shiftright(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Move the picture in WCHAR right 1 column. The right column is lost and the left column is set to blank. void rotatedown(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Move the picture in WCHAR down 1 row. The bottom row wraps into the top row. void rotateup(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Move the picture in WCHAR up 1 row. The top row wraps into the bottom row. void rotateleft(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Move the picture in WCHAR left 1 column. The left column wraps into the right column. void rotateright(cshapes,wchar) unsigned char *cshapes int wchar Move the picture in WCHAR right 1 column. The right column wraps into the left column. void grchar(wchar,color) int wchar,color color is an int from 0 to 3 in 320 x 200 mode, and from 0 to 1 in 640 x 200 mode Plot the graphics char WCHAR at the current cursor position in COLOR. Adding 128 (0x80 in hex) to the value of WCHAR will plot the corresponding regular character, instead of the graphics character. Adding 128 (0x80 in hex) to the color will XOR draw the character, placing it on top of the current screen image. void gratchar(crow,ccol,wchar,color) int crow,ccol,wchar,color crow and ccol are the screen locations. 320 x 200 mode supports a 40 x 25 screen, and 640 x 200 mode supports a 80 x 25 screen. color is an int from 0 to 3 in 320 x 200 mode, and from 0 to 1 in 640 x 200 mode. Plot the graphics char WCHAR at CROW,CCOL in COLOR. Adding 128 (0x80 in hex) to the value of WCHAR will plot the corresponding regular character, instead of the graphics character. Adding 128 (0x80 in hex) to the color will XOR draw the character, placing it on top of the current screen image. void printbanner(crow,ccol,msg,length,color) int crow,ccol int *msg int length,color crow and ccol are the screen locations. 320 x 200 mode supports a 40 x 25 screen, and 640 x 200 mode supports a 80 x 25 screen. MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG color is an int from 0 to 3 in 320 x 200 mode, and from 0 to 1 in 640 x 200 mode. Move the cursor to CROW,CCOL and display the LENGTH graphics characters from MSG across the screen in COLOR. Please note that adding 128 (0x80 in hex) to the color will XOR draw the characters, placing them on top of the current screen image. This procedure is provided as C source in the file CGRAPH.C. void bannerleft(cshapes,msg,length) unsigned char *cshapes int *msg int length MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG Treat LENGTH elements of MSG as one extended graphics character and rotate it left 1 column. The column rolled off the left is wrapped back on the right. void bannerright(cshapes,msg,length) unsigned char *cshapes int *msg int length MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG Treat LENGTH elements of MSG as one extended graphics character and rotate it right 1 column. The column rolled off the right is wrapped back to the left. void bannerup(cshapes,msg,length) unsigned char *cshapes int *msg int length MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG Move LENGTH elements of MSG up 1 row. The row rotated off the top wraps back to the bottom. Note that any character may be individually scrolled via the rotatexxxx() procedures above. void bannerdown(cshapes,msg,length) unsigned char *cshapes int *msg int length MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG Move LENGTH elements of MSG down 1 row. The row rotated off the bottom wraps back to the top. Note that any character may be individually scrolled via the rotatexxxx() functions above. example: /* Example program #1 from the CGRAPH documentation. */ /* Compile this with your compiler, then Link it with the supplied object modules. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <chedit.h> /* Defines of the CHEDIT functions. Use it if your compiler does strong type checking. */ #include <cgraph.c> /* The READCSET, WRITECSET, PRINTBANNER, and PRINTCOLUMN routines are C source, included in this file. */ #define CYAN 1 #define MAGENTA 2 #define WHITE 3 /* color definitions */ unsigned char shapes[1024]; /* the array to hold the character shapes */ int message[20]; /* the array to hold the message to be plotted */ int errno; /* to hold the return value from READCSET */ int i,m; /* loop indices */ unsigned long hold; /* temporary storage for saving the system graphics character vector */ unsigned int ofs,seg; /* the ofset and segment of the saved system vector */ main() { errno = readcset(shapes,"alpha.chr"); /* read the character set */ if (!errno) /* if all ok */ { grmode(4); /* set to 320 x 200 graphics */ /* Use the routine appropriate to your compiler */ message[0] = 65; /* graphics character 65 */ message[1] = 67; /* etc. */ message[2] = 69; hold = getvect(); /* save the system vector */ ofs = (unsigned int) (hold & 0xffff); seg = (unsigned int) ((hold >> 16) & 0xffff); setvect(shapes); /* and insert our own */ printbanner(2,5,message,2,CYAN); /* print the message in color 1, cyan, at 2,5 on the screen. Note that this displays only the first 2 characters, so the 3rd is "hidden" */ for (i = 0; i < 8*3*20; i++) /* rotate through all 8 columns of the 3 chars 20 times */ { for (m = 0; m < 1500; m++) ; /* waste a little time */ bannerleft(shapes,message,3); /* rotate all left so all characters take turns being hidden */ printbanner(2,5,message,2,CYAN); /* and display it again */ } for (m = 0; m < 30000; m++) ; /* one last time delay */ restorevect(ofs,seg); /* put the system vector back */ grmode(3); /* turn the graphics off */ /* use the routine appropriate to your compiler */ } /* end of the if */ } /* end of the program */ void printcolumn(crow,ccol,msg,length,color) int crow,ccol int *msg int length,color crow and ccol are the screen locations. 320 x 200 mode supports a 40 x 25 screen, and 640 x 200 mode supports a 80 x 25 screen. MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG color is an int from 0 to 3 in 320 x 200 mode, and from 0 to 1 in 640 x 200 mode. Move the cursor to CROW,CCOL and display the LENGTH graphics chatacters from MSG down the screen in COLOR. Please note that adding 128 (0x80 in hex) to the color will XOR draw the characters, placing them on top of the current screen image. This procedure is provided as C source in the file CGRAPH.C. void columnup(cshapes,msg,length) unsigned char *cshapes int *msg int length MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG Treat LENGTH elements of MSG as one extended graphics character and rotate it 1 row up. The row that rolls off the top wraps to the bottom. void columndown(cshapes,msg,length) unsigned char *cshapes int *msg int length MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG Treat LENGTH elements of MSG as on extended graphics character and rotate it 1 row down. The row that rolls off the bottom wraps to the top. void columnleft(cshapes,msg,length) unsigned char *cshapes int *msg int length MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG Move LENGTH elements of MSG left 1 column. The column rotated off the left wraps to the right. Note that any element of the column may be scrolled by the rotatexxxx() functions above. void columnright(cshapes,msg,length) unsigned char *cshapes int *msg int length MSG is an array of integers which contains the WCHAR codes for the banner LENGTH is the number of elements in MSG Move LENGTH elements of MSG right 1 column. The column rotated off the right wraps to the left. Note that any element of the column may be scrolled by the rotatexxxx() functions above. example: /* Example program #2 from the CGRAPH documentation. */ /* Compile this with your compiler, then Link it with the supplied object modules. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <chedit.h> /* Defines of the CHEDIT functions. Use it if your compiler does strong type checking. */ #include <cgraph.c> /* The READCSET, WRITECSET, PRINTBANNER, and PRINTCOLUMN routines are C source, included in this file. */ #define CYAN 1 #define MAGENTA 2 #define WHITE 3 /* color definitions */ unsigned char shapes[1024]; /* character set storage */ int window1[6],window2[6],window3[6]; /* the character "strings" to be displayed */ int i,m,n,p,errno,delay,delta; /* loop indices and such */ char ch; /* for user response */ unsigned long hold; /* temporary storage for saving the system graphics character vector */ unsigned int ofs,seg; /* the ofset and segment of the saved system vector */ main() { errno = readcset(shapes,"slotmchn.chr"); /* read the character set */ if (!errno) /* if all is ok */ { grmode(4); /* set 320 x 200 graphics */ /* use the routine appropriate to your compiler */ cursor_pos(20,3); /* use the routine appropriate to your compiler */ puts("Press Return to roll again"); /* let the user know what to do */ hold = getvect(); /* save the system vector */ ofs = (unsigned int) (hold & 0xffff); seg = (unsigned int) ((hold >> 16) & 0xffff); setvect(shapes); /* and put in our own */ for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) /* set up the bells and whistles (and cherries */ { /* and lemons and...) */ window1[i] = i; /* use these characters */ window2[i] = i+10; window3[i] = i+20; } for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { copychar(shapes,window1[i],window2[i]); /* copy the pictures from window1 to window 2 */ copychar(shapes,window1[i],window3[i]); /* and window 3 */ } do /* now do the display */ { i = 8*((rand() % 11)+5); /* spin window 1 5 to 15 times (8 rows/char) */ m = i+8*((rand() % 6)+5); /* window 2 spins a little longer */ n = m+8*((rand() % 6)+5); /* and window 3 longer yet */ printcolumn(5,10,window1,1,WHITE); /* display the initial characters */ printcolumn(5,15,window2,1,WHITE); printcolumn(5,20,window3,1,WHITE); /* Note: for displaying 1 character, gratchar */ /* could also be used. */ /* e.g. gratchar(5,x,windowx[0],WHITE) */ delay = 0; /* start off fast */ do { if (i) /* each window rolls its own number of times */ { columndown(shapes,window1,5); /* roll window */ i--; /* count it */ if (i == 0) delay += 50; /* if this window is not going to roll */ /* anymore, make up for the processing */ /* time lost not updating it */ } if (m) /* this looks just like the previous one */ { columndown(shapes,window2,5); m--; if (m == 0) delay += 50; } columndown(shapes,window3,5); n--; /* the 3rd window needs no fancy processing, as we know it will be spinning to the very end */ for (delta = 0; delta < delay; delta++); /* waste a little time */ delay += 10; /* waste a little more time next time */ printcolumn(5,10,window1,1,WHITE); /* update the windows */ printcolumn(5,15,window2,1,WHITE); printcolumn(5,20,window3,1,WHITE); } while (n); /* end of inner repeat loop */ ch = getchar(); /* get the users response */ /* anything fancier would be compiler dependent */ } while (ch == '\n'); /* and repeat until it is not a CR */ restorevect(ofs,seg); /* put the system vector back */ grmode(3); /* restore the regular screen */ } /* end of the if statement */ } /* end of the program */ void loadega(cshapes,num,size,offset) unsigned char *cshapes int num,size,offset Load the character set specified by CSHAPES as the resident EGA character set. NUM is the number of shapes to load into the character set (an entire set need not be loaded at once), SIZE is the number of rows in a character, and OFFSET is the location to start loading at (for example, the offset to start loading at an upper case A is 65). The loading always starts at the 0th element of CSHAPES, so you cannot load a character from the middle of a character set without loading the characters that come before it. It should be noted that loading ANY part of a character set, even if it is not displayed on the screen (for example, loading the extended ASCII characters), will re-calculate the number of rows on the screen, and set the character size to the size specified. Thus, if you load an 8 x 8 character set into the extended ASCII characters, the computer will display the regular charcters as 8 x 8 as well, even though they have an 8 x 14 character set loaded. void loadega14(cshapes1,cshapes2,num,offset) unsigned char *cshapes1,*cshapes2 int num,offset WARNING: THIS ROUTINE IS A STACK HOG! You will need at least 2K (2048 bytes) of AVAILABLE stack to use this routine, and more is recommended to be on the safe side! Take two CHEDIT character sets in the format described below, and load them as the resident EGA character set in 8 x 14 format. NUM is the number of shapes to load into the character set (an entire set need not be loaded at once, and OFFSET is the location to start loading at (for example, the offset to start loading at an upper case A is 65). The loading always starts at the 0th element of CSHAPES1, so you cannot load a character from the middle of a character seet without loading the characters that come before it. It should be noted that loading ANY part of a character set, even if it is not displayed on the screen (for example, loading the extended ASCII characters), will re-calculate the number of rows on the screen, and set the character size to the size specified. Thus, if you load an 8 x 14 character set into the extended ASCII characters, the computer will display the regular charcters as 8 x 14 as well, even though they have an 8 x 8 character set loaded. This function is provided as C source in the file EGA.C as an example. Please note that this is a "stopgap" function, included to provide minimal support for EGA until an EGA version of CHEDIT is written. CHARACTER SET FORMAT: The format of the two character sets is that each contains 64 characters that are two "standard" characters high (the bottom two rows should be unused in the second character), easily created via the Multiple character editing option of CHEDIT. The characters must not be successive, but instead should be "on top" of each other as seen in the character set display at the top of CHEDIT. i.e. _____________________________ ... | | | | | upper | upper | upper | | 0 | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |________|________|________|__ ... | | | | | lower | lower | lower | | 0 | 1 | 2 | | | | | |________|________|________| | blank | blank | blank | |________|________|________|__ ... | | | | . . . . . . . . . . . . The space labeled "blank" is the bottom 2 rows of the lower characters. If are not blank, they will simply be ignored.